Cleopatra VII is not only a famous person in history, she is also the icon of a rich and powerful culture. She was usually depicted as a lover of great men, but the truth was different. More important than her love life was her educational pursuits. Cleopatra VII could be called one of the greatest intellectuals of her times.
If someone were to believe that a woman could only achieve such a great position in the ancient world based only on her beauty, they could not be more wrong. Since the beginning of the oldest civilizations, women were able to become independent rulers, but the ones who stayed on the throne the longest had to learn specific skills to achieve it.
Since the beginning, the life of Cleopatra was not easy. She was born in 69 BC, as a daughter of pharaoh Ptolemy XII, during a very difficult period in the history of Egypt. Her father was perhaps an intelligent dreamer, but he did not have the skills to be a successful king. Those times in Egypt were already dominated by the Romans, and it seemed that there would be no more great Egyptian rulers. However, Cleopatra changed history.
The powerful reign of Cleopatra
Many short-time female rulers took the throne due to the death of father, husband or brother. However, these women usually ruled for a very short time and frequently faced a tragic end. In the case of Cleopatra, she was elevated to the status of a divine goddess and remained at the level of the pharaohs for many years. Her co-regents, brothers, and a son, did not have great power outside Egypt. Cleopatra had taken the responsibility of foreign relations since the beginning of her reign. Moreover, in she came to expand her power to even greater levels.
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Most of the knowledge about Cleopatra comes from Roman writers, who followed the expectations of the Emperor and did not write too much about her positive side. She was usually described as a woman who forged her career in the beds of powerful men. In the famous book The Decameron by the Italian master of medieval literature Giovanni Boccaccio, she was presented as an allegory of sin. The story of Cleopatra using her eroticism and sexual talents to improve the political situation of Egypt stayed strong over the centuries. However, if it would be true, she would be killed or dethroned faster than she became a lover of Julius Caesar.
Cleopatra is often depicted as a seductress. A drawing by Faulkner of Cleopatra greeting Antony (public domain )
How did it happen that Cleopatra became the last great ruler of Egypt? What was her strength? According to the Plutarch (Life of Antony, XXVII.2-3)”For her beauty, as we are told, was in itself not altogether incomparable, nor such as to strike those who saw her; but converse with her had an irresistible charm, and her presence, combined with the persuasiveness of her discourse and the character which was somehow diffused about her behavior towards others, had something stimulating about it. There was sweetness also in the tones of her voice; and her tongue, like an instrument of many strings, she could readily turn to whatever language she pleased…”.
