Ten months after stitching together the pieces of the MF Global collapse and bankruptcy in October 2011, the New York Times reported that criminal investigators arent likely to file criminal charges against the prime suspect: CEO Jon Corzine.
The unwinding and spectacular collapse of the derivatives trading firm began with a huge bet Corzine took with company money on risky European bonds, using leverage approaching 40:1. The initial bet was $1.5 billion but as he piled on, Corzines board of directors got nervous. He was able to placate some say intimidate them with his persona and a Powerpoint presentation and to let the trade ride.
Things began to unwind for Corzine as wind of the huge trade which could wipe out MF Globals capital five times over if it went bad reached the ears of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). When officials at FINRA demanded that MF Global increase its capital base to insure against the risk of the trade going south, Corzine balked and took his case directly to the SEC. Following his hasty visit to New York to visit with SEC officials, the SEC demanded that Corzine raise $200 million in new capital (instead of the $50 million Corzine offered) to offset the risks of the trade.
It didnt take long for credit rating agencies to learn of this demand, and Standard & Poors dropped MF Globals credit rating to junk status. From there it was just a matter of days.
Institutions such as JPMorgan demanded more collateral which was amplified by trading losses elsewhere in the company, forcing Corzine to move some $891 million from his customers accounts to its broker-dealer. As the Times noted, MF Global dipped again and again into customer funds to meet the demands.
All told, MF Globals customers were out an estimated $1.6 billion.
Corzine adroitly sidestepped any responsibility in testimony he gave before congressional committees investigating the matter, and his assistant treasurer in Chicago, Edith OBrien, took the Fifth. Corzine knew that any prosecution of his misbehavior would have to prove intent rather than incompetence or error, and so he was careful in his testimony before Congress:
I never intended anyone at MF Global to misuse customer funds and I dont believe that anything that I said could reasonably have been interpreted as an instruction to misuse customer funds. [Emphases added.]