The Underclass
by
Walter E. Williams
Recently
by Walter E. Williams: Too
Much College
Anthony Daniels,
who writes under the pen name Theodore Dalrymple, is a retired prison
doctor and psychiatrist who tells of his experiences with his patients
in Life
at the Bottom. It's an insightful book of essays about the
self-destructive behavior and attitudes of the underclass.
In one essay,
"We
Don't Want No Education," reprinted by City Journal,
Dalrymple says that he cannot recall meeting a 16-year-old from
the public housing project near his hospital who could perform simple
multiplication operations, such as nine times seven. One 17-year-old
told him, "We didn't get that far." This was after 12 years of attending
school. One of Dalrymple's patients took a drug overdose because
of constant bullying from classmates. "She was stupid because she
was clever." What her peers meant by that was anyone who worked
hard and performed well at school was wasting his time when truancy
and wandering downtown were deemed preferable. The underlying threat
was: If you don't mend your ways and join us, we'll beat you up.
These weren't
simply idle threats. Dalrymple says he's often met people in their
20s or 30s in his practice who gave up at school under such duress.
Those who attend a school that has very high academic standards
risk a beating if they venture into neighborhoods where the underclass
live. He recalls treating two boys in the emergency room after they'd
been beaten and two others who had taken overdoses for fear of being
beaten at the hands of their neighbors.
Dalrymple says
that most of the young people whom he's met in his practice cannot
name a single writer and cannot recite a line of poetry. None of
his young patients can give the dates of World War I, much less
the second world war. Some patients never have heard of those wars,
though one of his young patients who had heard of World War II thought
it took place in the 18th century. In this atmosphere of total ignorance,
Dalrymple says he was impressed that the young man had heard of
the 18th century.
The education
establishment aids and abets this state of gross ignorance. Dalrymple
tells of one case in which the headmaster allows teachers to make
only five corrections per piece of work, irrespective of the actual
number of errors present. This is done so as not to damage student
self-esteem. There are many other examples, but Dalrymple concludes
that "it is extremely difficult to overturn these educational (or
anti-educational) developments" because "teachers and the teachers
of the teachers in the training colleges are deeply imbued with
the kinds of educational ideas that have brought us to this pass."
The reader
may have been misled, with my help, into thinking that "We Don't
Want No Education" is about the black underclass, but it's about
the white underclass in Britain. We can't use white racism and the
legacy of slavery so frequently used to explain the black underclass
to explain Britain's underclass. The welfare state and the harebrained
ideas of the public education establishment are a far better explanation
for the counterproductive and self-destructive attitudes and lifestyles
of both underclasses.
A
"legacy of slavery" surely cannot explain problems among blacks,
unless we assume it skips whole generations. In my book Race
and Economics (Hoover Press, 2011), I cite studies showing
that in New York City in 1925, 85 percent of black households were
two-parent households. In 1880 in Philadelphia, three-quarters of
black families were composed of two parents and children. Nationally,
in the late 1800s, percentages of two-parent families were 75.2
percent for blacks, 82.2 percent for Irish-Americans, 84.5 percent
for German-Americans and 73.1 percent for native whites. Today just
over 30 percent of black children enjoy two-parent families. Both
during slavery and as late as 1920, a black teenage girl's raising
a child without a man present was rare.
Dalrymple's
evidence from Britain shows that the welfare state is an equal opportunity
destroyer.
July
3, 2012
Walter
E. Williams is the John M. Olin distinguished professor of economics
at George Mason University, and a nationally syndicated columnist.
To find out more about Walter E. Williams and read features by other
Creators Syndicate columnists and cartoonists, visit the Creators
Syndicate web page.
Copyright
© 2012 Creators Syndicate, Inc.
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