U.S.
federal health authorities recommended that doctors suspend
using Rotarix, one of two vaccines licensed in the U.S. against
rotavirus, saying the vaccine is contaminated with material from
a pig virus, CNN reports.
The Rotarix
vaccine, which is made by GlaxoSmithKline and was approved by
the FDA in 2008, has already been given to about 1 million U.S.
children along with 30 million worldwide. The vaccine was found
to contain DNA from porcine circovirus 1.
The
FDA learned about the contamination after an academic research
team using a novel technique to look for viruses in a range of
vaccines found the material in GlaxoSmithKline's product and told
the company, FDA Commissioner Dr. Margaret Hamburg told
CNN.
One million
U.S. children, and about 30 million worldwide, have already received
GlaxoSmithKlines Rotarix vaccine. Now a research team has
discovered it is contaminated with a substantial amount
of DNA from a pig virus.
What is
pig virus DNA doing in a vaccine intended to prevent rotavirus
disease, which causes severe diarrhea and dehydration?
Its
anybodys guess, although CNN reported that GlaxoSmitthKline
detected the substance in the cell bank and the seed used to make
the vaccine, suggesting its presence from the early stages
of vaccine development.
It is actually
common for vaccines to contain various animal matter, including
foreign animal tissues containing genetic material (DNA/RNA),
but even FDA Commissioner Dr. Margaret Hamburg told CNN:
"It
[Pig virus DNA] should not be in this vaccine product and we
want to understand how it got there.
It's not
an easy call and we spent many long hours debating the pros
and cons but, because we have an alternative product and because
the background rates of this disease are not so severe in this
country, we felt that the judicious thing to do was to take
a pause, to really ask the critical questions about what this
material was doing in the vaccine, how it got there."
Disturbing
Findings in Rotarix and Two Other Common Childhood Vaccines
Dr.
Eric Delwart is the researcher who, along with colleagues,
made the discovery of contamination in Rotarix. Their intent was
reportedly to show that live attenuated vaccine only
contained the expected viral genomes and no other, but
what they found told a different story.
Using new
technology to test eight infectious attenuated viral vaccines,
the results showed three of the vaccines contained unexpected
viral sequences:
A measles vaccine was found to contain low levels of the retrovirus
avian leukosis virus
Rotateq, Mercks rotavirus vaccine, was found to contain
a virus similar to simian (monkey) retrovirus
Rotarix (GlaxoSmithKines rotavirus vaccine) was found
to contain significant levels of porcine cirovirus
1
So in their
tests, nearly 40 percent of the vaccines they tested contained
viral contaminants. The implications of these findings on the
alleged safety of the vaccine supply remains to be seen, but clearly
there is contamination occurring that was a complete surprise
to researchers, health officials and vaccine manufacturers alike.
There
are lots of questions about how the manufacturer of Rotarix
vaccine and the FDA both missed the pig virus DNA contaminating
the original seed stock and all doses of Rotarix vaccine given
to more than one million American children in the past few years.
Is there
state-of-the-art technology that is being used by private laboratories
but not by drug companies and the FDA?
Why did
the independent team of scientists, who found the contamination,
notify the vaccine manufacturer first rather than also immediately
reporting their finding directly to the FDA?
What about
the significance of finding bird viral DNA in measles vaccine
and the monkey viral DNA in RotaTeq vaccine?
There are
clearly a lot of unanswered questions right now. At the very least,
it certainly makes you wonder what other unknown contaminants
are lurking in vaccines. At worst, we could be injecting children
with substances that could potentially cause serious health problems
down the road.
Animal
Ingredients Common in Vaccines
You should
know that it is very common for vaccine manufacturers to use cells
from animals and birds in their manufacturing process.
To put this
in perspective, Barbara Loe Fisher has explained what animal material
is par for the course in manufacturing the Rotarix vaccine for
your children:
Rotarix
is a genetically engineered vaccine that GSK created by isolating
human rotavirus strain infecting a child in Cincinnati and using
African Green monkey kidney cells to produce the original viral
seed stock from which all Rotarix vaccine has been made.
In the
FDA licensing process, Rotarix had to meet certain FDA standards,
that included demonstrating the vaccine was not contaminated
with, for example TSE (Transmissable Spongiform Encephalopathy
or mad cow disease, a brain wasting disease) or
with cow viruses because bovine (cow) serum was used to prepare
the original viral seed stock.
Porcine
trypsin, an enzyme in the pancreatic juice of a pig, was also
used to make the viral seed stock.
So the fact
that Rotarix contains animal material is not a surprise
its the type of animal material, an unexpected variety,
that has even the FDA raising their eyebrows.
Why its
Dangerous to Have Various Animal DNA in Vaccines
Both the
FDA and GlaxoSmithKline spokespeople continue to state that no
safety risk has been uncovered from the contamination, at least
not yet.
Dr. Anthony
Fauci, director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases at the National Institutes of Health, said a substantial
amount of the DNA was found in the vaccine. But, he stressed,
there is no evidence that it causes any disease.
There is no evidence that it ever does anything.
Dr. Paul
Offit added, The PCV1 virus they found is an orphan virus,
i.e., it is not associated with disease.
History
has shown that it can indeed be very dangerous when an animal
virus unintentionally enters the vaccine supply.
During the
1950s and 1960s, the polio vaccine, which is still given in the
United States, typically four times during a child's first 16
months of life, was widely contaminated with the monkey virus,
SV40, which had gotten into the vaccine during the manufacturing
process (monkey kidney cells, where SV40 thrived, were used to
develop polio vaccines).
In lab tests,
the virus was found to cause several different types of cancer,
including brain cancer, and now SV40 is showing up in a variety
of human cancers such as lung, brain, bone and lymphatic.
The virus
is even showing up in children too young to have received the
contaminated vaccine, and some experts are now suggesting the
contaminated virus may have been in the polio vaccine up until
as late as 1999.
It is because
of risks like this that Barbara Loe Fisher said:
With
mounting evidence that cross-species transfer of viruses can occur,
the United States should no longer be using animal tissues to
produce vaccines.
This is
also the same reason why Donald Miller, a cardiac surgeon and
professor of surgery at the University of Washington, suggests
in his more User-Friendly
Vaccination Schedule that if you choose to get your child
vaccinated against polio, you request only an inactivated (dead)
virus vaccine that is cultured in human cells, not monkey kidney
cells.
The United
States no longer uses the live oral polio vaccine, so parents
don't really have to ask for the injected version. However, if
you live internationally, this is still an issue.
Are the
Benefits of Rotarix Worth the Risks?
Even without
a potential contamination scare, there are serious risks to every
vaccine. So before vaccinating you really need to be certain that
the benefits will outweigh those risks.
In the case
of Rotarix, along with RotaTeq
(a similar vaccine made by Merck), the benefits are very questionable,
especially if you live in the United States or another developed
country.
Rotavirus
is very contagious and does cause more than 500,000 deaths in
young children each year, but this is mostly in developing countries.
In the United States, rotavirus is responsible for only several
dozen deaths a year, according to Hamburg.
Typically,
when a child in the United States contracts rotavirus, and most
do, only rest and fluids are required to recover. This infection
also provides natural immunity that will protect your child for
life.
The
CDC estimates that, by age 3, almost every US child has had
a case of rotavirus. Once a child has been infected with a strain
of rotavirus, he or she develops antibodies and is either immune
for life or has a milder case if infected with that same strain
in the future.
Most healthy
children, who are infected with several strains of rotavirus
in the first few years of life, develop lifelong natural immunity
to rotavirus infection.
The rotavirus
vaccine, meanwhile, has shown little benefit for rotavirus rates
in the United States. According to NVIC:
Today,
even though almost all US infants receive vaccines for rotavirus,
and despite efforts to improve the management of childhood rotavirus-associated
diarrhea, hospitalizations of children in the U.S. with the disease
have not significantly declined in the past two decades.
Along with
showing little benefit for a disease that is typically entirely
treatable with fluids and rest, a recent drug review by the FDA
found that Rotarix is associated with a significant increase
in pneumonia-related deaths in children, compared to a placebo.
So with
this particular vaccine, children are taking on serious risks
with what appears to be very little benefit and that was before
the contamination was uncovered.
The moral
of the story?
Whatever
you do, please do
your homework before subjecting your children to any vaccine.
A great way to get started is to simply use the Search Feature
at the top of each of my Web pages and search my site as it contains
a litany of research on vaccine safety, and the lack thereof.